本地openssl生成证书

发表于 更新于 分类于 Disqus：

前言

在本地环境测试网站HTTPS是否能正确工作时同样需要用到证书，但由于本地环境一般没有公网IP，没有固定域名等原因，所以就会考虑采用非正式的证书，即会选择使用自签名证书(Self-signed SSL Certificate)

一、环境准备：

1.ActivePerl 安装

下载msi文件之后直接安装，这里我安装到了D盘
然后cd进入D:\Perl64\eg目录执行example.pl，如果出现Hello from ActivePerl!则说明已经安装成功

2.VS2008安装

可以参考

3.openssl安装

下载之后解压到D:\openssl-1.0.1c
然后cd 到D:\openssl-1.0.1c目录

执行以下命令

1
2
3
4
5
perl Configure VC-WIN32 -DOPENSSL_USE_IPV6=0 --prefix=D:\openssl-1.0.1c
ms\do_ms
nmake -f ms/ntdll.mak
nmake -f ms/ntdll.mak test
nmake -f ms/ntdll.mak test

二、生成密钥、证书

1.为服务器端和客户端准备公钥、私钥

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
# 生成服务器端私钥
openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024
# 生成服务器端公钥
openssl rsa -in server.key -pubout -out server.pem
# 生成客户端私钥
openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024
# 生成客户端公钥
openssl rsa -in client.key -pubout -out client.pem

2.生成 CA 证书

1
2
3
4
5
6
# 生成 CA 私钥
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 1024
# X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
openssl req -new -key ca.key -out ca.csr
# X.509 Certificate Data Management.
openssl x509 -req -in ca.csr -signkey ca.key -out ca.crt

在执行第二步时会出现

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
D:\openssl-1.0.1c\keys>openssl req -new -key ca.key -out ca.csr
Loading 'screen' into random state - done
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:GuangDong
Locality Name (eg, city) []:GuangZhou
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:My CA
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:localhost
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

可以参考上面配置

3.生成服务器端证书和客户端证书

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
# 服务器端需要向 CA 机构申请签名证书，在申请签名证书之前依然是创建自己的 CSR 文件
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
# 向自己的 CA 机构申请证书，签名过程需要 CA 的证书和私钥参与，最终颁发一个带有 CA 签名的证书
openssl x509 -req -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -in server.csr -out server.crt
# client 端
openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
# client 端到 CA 签名
openssl x509 -req -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -in client.csr -out client.crt

最后生成的文件如下：

三、本地测试

将server.crt跟server.key复制到nginx安装目录的conf的keys文件夹下面
本地nginx配置如下：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #gzip  on;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
    # HTTPS server

    server {
        listen       443;
        server_name  localhost;
        ssl                  on;
        ssl_certificate      keys/server.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key  keys/server.key;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;
        ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;
        location / {
            #root   html;
            #index  index.html index.htm;
			proxy_redirect off;
			proxy_set_header Host $host;
			proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
			proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
			proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/;
        }
    }
}

这里我本地https://localhost/跳到本地resin应用（8080端口）

配置好nginx之后nginx -s reload重新加载配置
打开浏览器即可访问https://localhost/
由于自行颁发的SSL证书不受浏览器信任，所以会出现

本地点击继续前往就行了